Mitral Valve Disease in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
Mitral valve disease (MVD) is the most common heart condition in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and the leading cardiac cause of death in small breeds. The mitral valve gradually thickens and degenerates, allowing blood to leak backward with each heartbeat. Nearly all Cavalier King Charles Spaniels will develop a murmur in their senior years — the key is catching it early and starting medication at the right time.
Prevalence
Very common — affects the majority of senior individuals
Typical Onset
5-8 years (murmur), 8-12 years (heart failure)
Severity
Severe
Symptoms to Watch For
If your Cavalier King Charles Spaniel shows any of these signs, monitor closely and consult your veterinarian.
Risk Factors
- •strong breed predisposition to valve degeneration
- •small breed body type
- •male sex (slightly higher risk)
- •dental disease and chronic bacterial exposure
- •untreated progression — delay in starting pimobendan
Diagnosis
Heart murmur on auscultation (left apex, systolic). Echocardiogram confirms valve thickening, regurgitation, and chamber enlargement. Chest radiographs show heart enlargement and pulmonary changes. Resting respiratory rate monitoring at home (count breaths while sleeping — normal is under 30/minute).
Treatment
Stage B1 (murmur, no enlargement): monitor every 6-12 months. Stage B2 (murmur + enlargement): pimobendan starts — proven to delay onset of heart failure by 15 months. Stage C (heart failure): pimobendan + furosemide + ACE inhibitor. Stage D (refractory): add spironolactone, increase diuretics. Mitral valve repair surgery is now available at specialized centers with excellent outcomes.
Prevention
Choose breeders who cardiac-screen with echocardiography (especially Cavaliers). Maintain dental health — dental bacteria enter the bloodstream and can worsen valve disease. Keep body weight lean. Monitor resting respiratory rate at home weekly in senior small breeds.
When to See a Vet
See your vet if sleeping respiratory rate exceeds 30 breaths/minute, or if you notice new coughing, exercise intolerance, or fainting. If already diagnosed, any sudden breathing change is an emergency.
Other Health Conditions in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
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