Von Willebrand Disease in Manchester Terriers
Von Willebrand disease (vWD) is an inherited bleeding disorder with documented high prevalence in Manchester Terriers. The condition results from deficient or defective von Willebrand factor, a protein essential for blood clotting. Manchester Terriers most commonly carry Type 1 vWD (partial deficiency), which ranges from subclinical to problematic during surgery or trauma. DNA testing is strongly recommended for all Manchester Terriers before breeding or surgery.
Prevalence
Common — carrier frequency up to 50% in some breed populations
Typical Onset
Present from birth; often detected at first surgery or injury
Severity
Moderate
Symptoms to Watch For
If your Manchester Terrier shows any of these signs, monitor closely and consult your veterinarian.
Risk Factors
- •autosomal inheritance pattern
- •high breed carrier frequency
- •breeding without DNA testing
- •unaware surgical team
Diagnosis
Von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) blood test measures the level of clotting protein. DNA testing is available for breed-specific vWD mutations (Type 1, 2, and 3). Buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) assesses clinical significance. Always test before any surgical procedure in predisposed breeds.
Treatment
Type 1 (most common): desmopressin (DDAVP) before surgery temporarily increases vWF levels. Cryoprecipitate or fresh frozen plasma for active bleeding episodes. Avoid medications that affect platelet function (aspirin, NSAIDs). Type 3 (severe): blood product transfusion is the only treatment for active bleeding.
Prevention
DNA testing of breeding stock — do not breed affected or carrier-to-carrier. Pre-surgical screening in predisposed breeds. Inform all veterinary providers of the diagnosis. Avoid elective surgeries without pre-treatment. Medical alert tag on collar.
When to See a Vet
See your vet if your dog bleeds excessively from minor wounds, has unexplained nosebleeds, or bleeds longer than expected from any injury. Test predisposed breeds BEFORE any surgery, including spay/neuter.
Other Health Conditions in Manchester Terriers
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