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ModeratePrevalence: Occasional reports in the breed

Von Willebrand Disease in Toy Fox Terriers

Von Willebrand disease, an inherited bleeding disorder, can occur in Toy Fox Terriers. The condition causes deficiency in a clotting protein, leading to excessive bleeding from wounds or during surgery. Testing is available and recommended before surgical procedures in breeds with documented risk.

Prevalence

Occasional reports in the breed

Typical Onset

Present from birth; often detected at first surgery or injury

Severity

Moderate

Symptoms to Watch For

If your Toy Fox Terrier shows any of these signs, monitor closely and consult your veterinarian.

excessive bleeding from minor cuts or injuries
prolonged bleeding after surgery or dental procedures
nosebleeds without obvious cause
blood in urine or stool
bruising more easily than expected
bleeding from the gums

Risk Factors

  • •autosomal inheritance pattern
  • •genetic predisposition
  • •breeding without DNA testing
  • •unaware surgical team

Diagnosis

Von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) blood test measures the level of clotting protein. DNA testing is available for breed-specific vWD mutations (Type 1, 2, and 3). Buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) assesses clinical significance. Always test before any surgical procedure in predisposed breeds.

Treatment

Type 1 (most common): desmopressin (DDAVP) before surgery temporarily increases vWF levels. Cryoprecipitate or fresh frozen plasma for active bleeding episodes. Avoid medications that affect platelet function (aspirin, NSAIDs). Type 3 (severe): blood product transfusion is the only treatment for active bleeding.

Prevention

DNA testing of breeding stock — do not breed affected or carrier-to-carrier. Pre-surgical screening in predisposed breeds. Inform all veterinary providers of the diagnosis. Avoid elective surgeries without pre-treatment. Medical alert tag on collar.

When to See a Vet

See your vet if your dog bleeds excessively from minor wounds, has unexplained nosebleeds, or bleeds longer than expected from any injury. Test predisposed breeds BEFORE any surgery, including spay/neuter.

Other Health Conditions in Toy Fox Terriers

Legg-Calve-Perthes DiseaseSevereCataractsModerateLuxating PatellaModerate

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